Gas Turbine Working Principle
The compressor absorbs air from the outside, and the air enters from the gas turbine inlet, raises its pressure through the compressor blades, compresses it and sends it to the combustion chamber, while the fuel (gas or liquid fuel) is also injected into the combustion chamber and mixed with high-temperature compressed air for combustion under constant pressure. The generated high temperature and high pressure flue gas expands after combustion and heating, enters the turbine zone and passes through the blades of the first level, pushing the power blades to rotate at high speed until it is discharged from the gas outlet and becomes an exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas is discharged into the atmosphere or reused (such as the use of waste heat boiler for combined circulation).
After the blade rotates, the shaft also rotates, and the shaft drives the mechanical rotation of the load to realize the conversion of heat energy and mechanical energy. Generally, the compressor, combustion chamber and turbine are called the three core components of the gas turbine.
Gas Turbine Characteristics
1. Maximum efficiency, optimal benefit. With the continuous progress of high-temperature materials, and the turbine adopts cooling blades and continuously improves the cooling effect, the initial temperature of the gas before turbine gradually increases, coupled with the continuous reduction of the number of development stages, the compressor with higher and higher compression ratio and the improvement of the efficiency of various components, so that the efficiency of the gas turbine continues to improve.
2. Small size and easy to use. The design and construction of gas turbine power components are derived from turbochargers and auxiliary power units, and the structure is simple and compact. Compared with traditional equipment, gas turbine equipment is smaller in scale and volume than traditional boilers and steam turbines, and occupies a small area and is easy to move.
3. Reduce coal burning, clean and environmentally friendly. Gas turbines can use fuels other than coal such as natural gas, propane, oil well gas, coalbed methane, biogas, gasoline, diesel, kerosene, alcohol, etc. Moreover, the gas turbine can achieve ultra-low NOx emission by controlling the production of NOx during the combustion process, or denitrifying the tail flue gas when NOx is generated and discharged into the waste heat boiler, and can fully recycle resources and truly achieve zero emissions.
4. Minimal noise, safe and reliable. The amount of low frequencies produced when the gas turbine is running is low. Moreover, the networked off-grid conversion device using digital remote control can make up for the lack of safety and stability of other equipment.
Gas Turbine Key Technologies
1. Key technology of compressor: pneumatic, high-load, high-efficiency design technology; High stability design technology with aerodynamic performance; Pneumatic multi-stage matching design technology; Multi-stage pneumatic performance numerical simulation and verification technology of the whole machine; Rotor structure and strength design technology.
2. Key technology of combustion chamber, combustion field organization design and testing technology; Flame cylinder wall structure design technology; nozzle design and testing technology; High temperature parts cooling, protection, strength design technology; Low emission combustion design and test technology; Wide range of stable combustion design and test technology; Numerical simulation and verification technology of combustion field.
3. Air cooling design and test technology of moving vane, guide vane and roulette wheel of key turbine technology; Blade steam cooling design and test technology; Temperature field, stress field and strength life analysis and test technology of blades and wheels; Turbine stage performance analysis and design technology for blended cooling airflow; Multiphysics numerical simulation and verification technology of cooling blades; Rotor structure and strength design technology.
4. Key technology of important system of gas turbine, cooling air system design, performance analysis and debugging technology; Control system advanced adjustment parts, controller and control law; Starter system technology; Bearing and lubricating oil system technology.
5. The technical aspects of gas turbine materials mainly include: strong thermal corrosion resistance orientation and the development of single crystal superalloy; Improvement of superalloy material system; Performance test of high-temperature materials under 5000-10000 hours of near-service conditions; Study on mechanical properties of large-size castings under near-service conditions; Research on oxidation resistance and thermal corrosion resistance of large-size castings; CrMoV high-strength steel for tie rods.
6. Gas turbine process technology mainly includes: complex structure ceramic core manufacturing technology; High-strength thermal shock resistant ceramic mold shell manufacturing technology; Large-size directional crystallization, single-crystal blade directional solidification technology; High temperature turbine blade processing, welding, heat treatment, testing and other processes; blade coating technology; Engineering research of gas turbine blades; Gas turbine blade manufacturing specifications and acceptance criteria; manufacturing technology for large turbine discs; High-strength steel tie rod manufacturing process; Burner manufacturing technology.
