Common failures and maintenance methods of Hydro Power Plants
The normal operation of the hydroelectric generating unit is very important for the hydropower station. Therefore, hydropower plant operators should take effective measures to prevent and promptly eliminate the faults that occur in hydropower generating units, formulate a reasonable use plan, reduce the risk of generating units failure, and ensure their normal work.
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the electricity consumption of residents has gradually increased, and the construction of hydropower stations has gradually entered everyone's sight. In order to ensure the stability of the residents' lives, the normal operation of the generator set must be guaranteed, so the staff should regularly repair and maintain the generator set, and eliminate the fault in time. Through years of work experience, the author has explained in detail the common faults of hydropower generating units, and put forward his own opinions on how to repair.
1. Common failures of hydroelectric generating units
1.1 Common failure analysis of hydraulic turbine
The so-called hydraulic turbine failure means that the hydraulic turbine has completely lost or partially lost its working capacity, that is, the working state of losing all or part of its technical ability determined by the basic working parameters. In general, turbine failures are divided into two types: gradual failure and sudden failure. The gradual failure is mostly caused by the cumulative results of parts wear and fatigue. The gradual failure is mostly due to the aging of parts due to wear of some rotating parts and the parts with more serious wear in the turbine, or the result of medium erosion or friction between adjacent parts. For example, cavitation, mud and sand wear, wear between adjacent moving parts, aging of rubber seals, etc. Some are due to the long-term effect of alternating load, which causes fatigue failure of parts, such as cracks in runner blades. Sudden failures are mostly caused by sudden load exceeding the allowable stress of the material, causing parts to break or produce unacceptable deformation, such as the shear pin being sheared. Or it may be due to hidden manufacturing quality problems that have caused some parts to break suddenly. Then there are failures that occur due to errors in installation, overhaul, and operation personnel during installation or operation.
1.2 The temperature difference of the water guide tile of the water power generation equipment is large
Under full load, the large difference in water temperature guide shoe temperature of each unit is also a common failure of hydropower generating units. The water temperature guide shoe temperature tends to stabilize after a normal unit runs for a period of time. However, the temperature of the water guide shoe of some units is still high, and the short-term fluctuations in different periods are large, and the temperature in some periods tends to 70 ℃. Many technicians will ignore this problem. In fact, the large difference in the temperature of the water guide of the power generation equipment is also a typical fault of the generator.
